DNA and Genetic Engineering essays

DNA and Genetic Engineering essays Genetic engineering is a technique used by scientists to transform the DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) of living organisms. DNA is the blueprint for the individuality of an organism. The organism relies upon the information stored in its DNA for the group of every biochemical process. The life, growth and unique features of the organism depend on its DNA. The sections of DNA which have been associated with specific features or functions of an organism are called genes. Molecular biologists have discovered many enzymes which change the structure of DNA in living organisms. Some of these enzymes can cut and join strands of DNA. Using these enzymes, scientists learned to cut the specific genes from DNA and to build customized DNA using these genes. They also learned about vectors that are strands of DNA such as viruses, which can infect a cell and insert themselves into its DNA. Scientists soon began to construct vectors which inserted specific pre-chosen genes into the DNA of living organisms. The job of the Genetic Engineer today is to improve certain aspects of living organisms to prevent diseases or the break down of the cells within. One example is seen in the food industry, for example, the tomato. The tomato is known to have a short growing season because of it's sensitivity to frost. Genetic Engineers were able to locate a gene in a fish that allows it to survive the cold water and then inserted this frost resistant gene into the tomato. Therefore the tomato can grow for a longer time, allowing the consumer to choose bigger and juicier tomatoes. From land to sea, Genetic Engineering can make a great difference in the food we eat. It has been modified for two main reasons: to change the rate of growth and to increase resistance to disease. Agriculture has more than one positive effect. Firstly, there is more production of crops in a smaller amount of space, increasing the profitability. Secondly, the crops are free of pestici ...

Rift Valley and Jane Axtell or The Chairman Essay

Rift Valley and Jane Axtell or The Chairman - Essay Example There are a number of persons, parties or stakeholders involved in both scenarios; the Rift Valley and the 21st century. These parties are charged with different duties and responsibilities, but the common denominator is that they work towards a common goal or purpose (Dow 212). On the same note, there are distinct mechanisms through which the required processes are undertaken or ways through which the involved parties interact. In this respect, there is an aspect of work setting established in both the Rift Valley and the 21st century. Interaction and relations are also at stake in different levels. The extent of interaction between parties in the Rift Valley and those in the 21st century, however, vary according to the work practices observed in the two areas. At the height of work relations, there is a supervisory role played by the relevant key movers of activities, meaning that communication and work practices are undertaken in distinct levels that are unique to both the Rift Valley and the 21st century. Given a choice between Jane Axtell and the chairman of the firm, personally I would choose the chairman of the firm. There are a number of reasons that back up this choice. Firstly, chairmanship is a coveted position hold. The desire to feel in control and working with other people is an interesting experience. In this regard, the chairman of the firm becomes an essential choice. This does not mean that Jane Axtell is dominated or ruled, but that the role played in her context is not as outstanding as that associated with the chairman. Secondly critical decision is unavoidable to the chairman. This requires that the chairman keeps at par with the trends and changes in the firm. As a result, information diversity must characterize the roles played by the chairman. Similarly, I personally desire to associate with these activities. Chairmanship is essentially a critical position to exploit one’s knowledge and skills base (Teare 128). In other words,

Criminal Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Justice System - Essay Example Otherwise, the people would lose confidence in their capacity to protect the people and keep them safe. The most insistent factors that must be considered in the case given are first, the protocol of the police station or simply the rules that they must follow, second, the rights of the suspects and third, upholding justice for the victim. It may seem that all these are very distinct and therefore uncorrelated at first glimpse, but a thorough study will show that they are very much consistent with each other. Given the situation, what I would probably do is to insist to my partner that we redo the interview with me in the room and the same being videotaped. I would make an effort to notify accordingly that affirmative action must be done. This would assert a number of the major things that must be considered in an ethical decision. It would not be far fetch to consider that the confession was coerced. Not to mention that both are minors aged only at 14 years old. â€Å"The ethical t reatment of others requires that we treat them as rational agents who are authors of their own decisions, and not as tools that we may use or manipulate as we like† (Kleinig, 2008). It is by duty that I uphold that justice is served. The mandate for interviews was established for a reason.

I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Essay Example for Free

I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Essay â€Å"I have a dream† was a speech delivered on August 28, 1963 by Martin Luther King in Lincoln Memorial Washington D. C. Martin Luther King’s role or position in his speech is that of an illustrator, or a mediator of peace and equality. He becomes one of those people who have seen the light and wanted to share this light to those other individuals who are still in the dark. He wanted or dreamed of a community wherein racial discrimination is no longer an issue. His ideal community is where everybody is free, no biases for either black or white people nor black or white community. He is in a position as to persuade the people to become more vigilant in watching their freedom and in receiving or wanting equality and justice. He also wanted each and every people to understand that one’s freedom or destiny is bound to the other. Because of this, he wanted everybody to properly exercise civil rights and must not prevent people from using this privilege. Generally, the intended audience of the speech is the black people, and also those who are not such as the white people, but are living with black people or in black communities. However, everybody can read or listen to his speech or statement because of the underlying principles included in his speech and his dreams or ideals can be utilized or preferred as a model for civil rights. â€Å"I have a dream† greatly inspires and effectively infuses its point of view to its audience, transforming dreams into reality and despair into hope; we dream of being free, and we become free because of this dream. Martin Luther King was prompted to write or make the statement or speech because of the continuing slavery that entangles each and every people, especially for the black people or communities. In addition to this, the belief and treatment or actions of the black people against the white people had alarmed the author to write or make this speech to the public. According to Martin Luther King, the slavery of the black people may have been released or abolished because of the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation. However, nowadays or 100 years later, this freedom from slavery is still ambiguous and it does not exist. In addition to this, Martin Luther King believes that there are still a lot of people who are experiencing police brutality and social discrimination. In addition to this, he thinks that the rights and privileges which were given to the people, especially the black people, is not properly implemented or received by the black communities. Martin Luther King takes on the affirmative side or in favor for equality amongst the black people and also the white people. He clearly shows or supports his stand through several examples and emphasis on his words or statements. Martin Luther King claims that every individual should learn to respect and give what is right to their neighbors. He is aware that there are people who are still suffering beyond the hands of law. He reasons this out by giving examples of those who were misunderstood, brutally beaten indiscriminately and provides logic as to why dreaming is an important part in one’s body. Martin Luther King is qualified to be a speaker or author of such paper because of his records and performance not only as a politician but also an individual who greatly cares for justice and freedom. I believe that the assumptions, ideas or claims of Martin Luther King are correct and good, with some deviances especially through the use of audio, video or format or instructions at more school. He was able to provide examples of real life situations where the civil rights of an individual becomes hindered. In addition to this, the audio and video formats are very much entertaining and at the same time, inform the audience of the predicaments of equality or justice in nations or communities. However, there are some claims or dreams which are somehow impossible to attain such as complete equality and freedom from prejudice from all countries or states. Being able to read Martin Luther King’s work, my perspective before to ignore claims and evidences and become settled in what the community gives me, had greatly changed. As such, the degree of my trust towards Martin Luther King did increase due to his great speech which is definitely eye-opening. The author has refutations that include the fulfillment of his dream or conditions in order to achieve a country, state or community. He also refutes the fact that freedom is already complete. The refutations made by Martin Luther King are really effective. In addition to this, he uses great emphasis on his words and greatly touches the sympathy of those who are listening to his speech. He was able to clearly state his dreams, one after the other and manage to state options or categories which would fulfill his dreams. His last statement â€Å"Free at last! Free at last! † gives hopes and restore the faith which people have for change and better living. As an individual who had already received the light from Martin Luther King, my desire for helping other people and providing equality or non-biased reactions had increased. My hopes for a better communication and media for spreading the word of the real scenario on freedom and equality also increased because of the persuasive message or speech delivered by Martin Luther King, Somehow, a part of me already wants to do something in order to help and at least be able to create balance within communities. In addition to this, his metaphor of a ring, representing one goal, and fingers representing the people, is really amazing and in reality lightens my belief. I thought that we are already saved, but the paper of Martin Luther King had taught me well. Works Cited Jr. , Dr. Martin Luther King. American Rhetric: Martin Luther King Jr. : I Have a Dream. Atlanta, 2008. February 11, 2008. Intellectual Properties Management. http://www. americanrhetoric. com/speeches/mlkihaveadream. htm.

How McEwan Presents Ideas about Memory and Recall in Enduring Love :: Enduring Love Ian McEwan Literature Essays

How McEwan Presents Ideas about Memory and Recall in Enduring Love In ‘Enduring Love† McEwan has created a storyline that refers to the 1st person narrator’s own perception of his own mind and memory. Because of this we do not know whether to trust Joe or not as he is extremely biased in his own opinion. At the very beginning of the novel we, as the reader, feel extremely safe being â€Å"in Joe’s hands† because we see the very scientific, rational mind; however as we go on through the story we see the loss of rationality and we are given hints not to trust Joe as much as we did; â€Å"His writing’s rather like yours† and â€Å"Mr Tapp went to the toilet, not his daughter†. Within the opening chapter we see as a very clear memory from Joe of the balloon accident. Within this chapter we see the very rational side of Joe where we see the view of the balloon accident from a â€Å"buzzards† point of view so that it looks like the people who are within the balloon accident are on a snooker table coming from all direction. Joe is able to stop time here and point out where absolutely everyone is in relation to himself and the actual balloon. The use of narrative and chronological time not being the same in the first chapter also gives the reader different views of Joe’s own memory and what kind of state he is in within the first chapter; the change from people running towards the balloon to then of Joe’s and Clarissa’s reunion to then being back at the balloon accident. From the very beginning of the novel we, as the reader, see that Joe is a very rational person who has to think about every single detail of his own life and other people’s lives around his own. However in Chapter 3 we see a very emotional part of Joe as he describes what both he and Clarissa are up to after the great tragedy of the balloon accident; â€Å"why didn’t I think of this?† and â€Å"she caressed my balls†. This defiantly shows another side of Joe that we hadn’t seen yet, this gives the reader the insight into Joe so that we know what different sides there are to him that can affects his own memory. This is extremely important for the reader as we must know whether the narrator is trustworthy or not. At his point we are given no reason to doubt Joe and what he is telling us. However at the end of chapter 3 we are given an inclination not to trust Joe as much as we do as Jed

Ethics of care Essay

Introduction †¢ Care ethics [The ethics of care] originated among feminists who maintained, on the basis of Carol Gilligan’s work, A Different Voice , that women and girls approach moral issues with a strong concern for empathy and caring in interpersonal relationships. Care and Virtues †¢ Care ethics focuses on virtues associated with care as a moral sentiment and response in the context of particular relationships. †¢ The emphasis is on such traits as empathy, sympathy, compassion, loyalty, discernment and love in intimate relationships, rather than the abstract principles and rights of deontological and libertarian ethics. †¢ Like communitarian ethics, care ethics stresses the interdependence of persons and the importance of particular relationships, especially within the family and other communities Care Ethics †¢ Care ethics encourages altruism, which entails concern for others, their feelings and needs, but does not neglect care for oneself. †¢ Care ethics requires the moral agent to balance care of the self with care for others. Photo by Katerha Gilligan’s Ethics of Care †¢ Gilligan identifies levels and transition periods in the development of the ethics of care. †¢ (1) â€Å"From Selfishness to Responsibility† the conflict between what one would do vs. what one ought to do within their attachments and connections to others. Photo by Derek Bruff Ethics of Care †¢ (2) â€Å"Goodness as Self-Sacrifice† – concern for others, their feelings and the need to not inflict harm are major concerns. †¢ (3) â€Å"From Goodness to Truth† – the morality of care must include a care of the self as well as others, to be honest and real with oneself, an increased responsibility to one’s responsibility to the self, as well as others. †¢ Gilligan defines this as â€Å"mature care†. Photo by Ed Yourdon Ethics of Care †¢ (4) â€Å"The Morality of Nonviolence† – a moral equality between the self and others is achieved by applying an injunction against hurting; care becomes a universal obligation[1]. Harvard Educational Review: 481-517 Repr. 1986 as â€Å"A Different Voice†, In Pearsall, Women and Values: 309-339 [1] Gilligan, Carol 1977, â€Å"Concepts of the Self and of Morality† †¢ â€Å"Care ethics is based on [or â€Å"justified by† ] â€Å"lived experience,† especially that of women with intimate relations, trust and commitment. †¢ â€Å"Lived experience† is the accumulated subjective experience of individuals (2). Care Ethics Photo by Mary Ellen Mark †¢ (2) Pettersen, T. 2008. Comprehending Care . United Kingdom: Lexington Books:23 Care Ethics †¢ Care ethics appears most appropriate to intimate relations, but its advocates seek to extend it to communities, institutions and nation states Care ethics is intended to guide conduct and to provide an aspirational ideal of the virtuous life Photo by geek2nurse Affective and Cognitive Care Caring has both affective and cognitive dimensions. †¢ Cognition is necessary to understand the other’s needs, feelings and circumstances. But caring also involves a range of feelings associated with empathy, sympathy, compassion, and love. Care Ethics and Normative Ethics †¢ Care ethics provides normative guidance, but it does not prescribe specific actions by applying a set of abstract principles, rights and rules (found in normative ethics). †¢ With universalizing principles (normative ethics), the public domain has superiority over private-personal domains. . Emotion and Understanding †¢ In caring, moral thoughts are not separated from feelings as they are in many Western ethical philosophies from Plato to Kant. †¢ Gilligan challenges the idea that moral reasoning should be divorced from feelings and contexts. Emotion and Understanding †¢ Knowledge is gained through human connection to others when we try to take the perspectives of others in deciding morality and justice. Photo by rexquisite Co-Feeling and Empathy †¢ Caring involves understanding another’s feelings that seeks to go beyond mere understanding (empathy) to actually feeling what others experience. †¢ Petersen defines this as co-feeling which is more than empathy. †¢ Caring originates from the experience of caring for others. †¢ In caring for particular individuals, we learn to recognize the needs and vulnerabilities of human others everywhere; and to avoid harming them. Co-feeling and Empathy Co-feeling in care ethics comes from experiencing the complexities of a particular individual’s situation. A deep, detailed appreciation for the lives of others enriches our own self-understanding. Photo by Neys †¢ Co-feeling is one ability in mature care; how one should act and what actions constitute care. †¢ Caring involves participating in another’s feelings on his/her terms with an attitude of engagement, not of disinterested observation or judgment. †¢ It is an act of affective imagination. Photo by Quinn Anya Care Ethics and Moral Autonomy †¢ For care ethics, moral autonomy is construed as relational autonomy. †¢ In contrast with Kant’s isolated individual who rationally formulates universal principles by himself or herself, the relational autonomous agent takes account of her interdependence with others. †¢ Gilligan promotes a more nuanced and complex concept of moral autonomy with space for holding self-determination with consideration, reason with emotion, and independency with connectedness. Friend Wheel by Unlisted Sightings †¢ Care ethics replaces the detached respect for the autonomous decisions of others that is the legacy of principle-based ethics with attentiveness to the plight, special needs, and vulnerabilities of individuals, who might need help is deciding what to do †¢ Tensions continue to exist within care ethics between contextual sensitivity in moral decisionmaking and respect for principles that direct us to treat people equally, with justice and respect for autonomous choices. Justice and Moral Conflicts – Care Ethics †¢ Moral conflicts are still those that involve individuals with differing philosophies. They involve loyalty conflicts or divergent responsibilities and interests for individual professionals. Agents have different ideas of what is ethically relevant. Photo by xeeliz Steps to Convergence on Ethics of Care and Principle-based Ethics †¢ What actions are right or wrong according to some relevant norms or principles, fairness in particular. What is the effect of these principles on those involved – will they hurt individuals? †¢ Care ethics questions the over-reliance on principles and rules in ethics. †¢ Are we choosing to be detached and numb to feeling the impacts of the principle of justice on individuals and our relationship to them? Photo by Svenska Cellulosa Aktibolaget A THIRD WAY †¢ Care ethics encourages the moral agent to balance respect for individual autonomy with caring for individuals in relationships. †¢ A balance between relations and autonomy, between connection and integrity would create convergence of principles with care. †¢ An intermediate position between too much and too little would be needed. A THIRD WAY †¢ Care ethics requires morally mature agents to weight and balance principles with caring for individuals. †¢ In these moral conflicts, â€Å"listening† to others, is essential to decision-making. †¢ Interdependent leadership and communication may open up new possibilities – a third way. . References Beauchamp T. and J. Childress. 2009. Principles of Biomedical Ethics, New York: Oxford University Press, 6th ed Gilligan, Carol 1977, â€Å"Concepts of the Self and of Morality† Harvard Educational Review: 481-517 Repr. 1986 as â€Å"A Different Voice†, In Pearsall, Women and Values: 309-339 Munson, R. 2004. Intervention and Reflection: Basic Issues in Medical Ethics, 8th Ed Australia ; Belmont, CA : Thomson/Wadsworth, Pettersen’s T. 2008. , Comprehending Care . United Kingdom: Lexington Books:

Implementation of Strategy by Aldi Group Free Essay Example, 3250 words

The paper tells that Aldi Group expanded rapidly in other countries as well in order to set up its business and attract a huge customer base for its products. It has been studied that Aldi s growth has accelerated due to the unique business model that the company follows that is to serve the customers with quality goods at low prices. The company was named as the low price grocery store. It is noted that more than 25 million customers each month take advantage of the company s simple approach to grocery retailing. Further, the company is known for its track record that it has set by being an employer of choice by offering its employees with a lot of compensation as well as the benefits. The company has reached a level of the customer satisfaction that the customers recommend the company to the friends and their family members. Aldi undertakes a strategic drift in order to compete with the rivals. The business model followed by the company undertakes a particular cost leadership stra tegy which is used to reduce the cost of running a grocery store. We will write a custom essay sample on Implementation of Strategy by Aldi Group or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The strategy involves purchasing of the low price land in the outskirts of the city and built cheap warehouses in order to store the products manufactured by the company. The company employs few members in order to cut the cost incurred by the company to train the employees. Another strategy that the company adopts is that of the differentiation strategy. The company undergoes product differentiation that is it manufactures the wide range of products for its customers and they would not face any difficulty in their choice of the products. The market mainly follows the policy of a monopolistically competitive economy where the firms undergo product differentiation and there are possibilities of the entry of the new firms within the market so that they can compete with the other firms. However, the managers of Aldi are involved in the decision-making process of the company regarding the strategies that are to be implemented.